Cartesi application will be able to read and perform complex calculus involving data

Cartesi application will be able to read and perform complex calculus involving data



Introduction
Public blockchain is a mechanism through which networks can maintain a decentralized consensus on a shared state. Usually, this situation saves, among other data, the payment system. Bets held by participants in the resulting economy serve as their incentive to make the country widely available to others and to reject invalid transactions. In this virtuous cycle, the payment system is built on a decentralized consensus, which only functions because of incentives created by the payment system itself. Both the payment system and consensus can then be used for other purposes.

When new applications for blockchain technology were envisioned, the demand for basic infrastructure continued to increase. At present, two major obstacles to the widespread adoption of blockchain technology are its poor scalability and lack of a solid development environment. Cartesi's main contribution to the blockchain ecosystem is to overcome both of these problems.

Scalability Currently the consensus mechanism used is based on full redundancy [Nakamoto 2009; Wood 2018]. They require that every transaction be stored permanently and validated by each participant. This inefficiency is the main limiting factor to the growth of transaction rates, the amount of data involved, and the intensity of calculations in transactions. High transaction costs and increased latency have become a barrier for many innovative applications which would otherwise benefit from the flexibility that smart contracts bring to the blockchain.

Efforts to improve blockchain scalability can be divided into layer 1 and layer 2 solutions. Layer 1 scalability solutions change the underlying blockchain infrastructure. Examples include optimizing block size, sharding, and Delofated Proof of Stake (DPoS). Because they operate at the infrastructure level, these solutions are burdened by requirements to maintain global consensus. Certain aspects of the country, such as payment systems, are very important for all parties and therefore require global consensus. Otherwise, for most interactions mediated by the blockchain, it is very safe to limit access and verification responsibilities to several potentially affected parties. The Blockchain can then be used to provide finality and to guarantee local consensus in the rare occasion where disputes arise between these parties. In other words, global consensus is a valuable resource that must be used with parsimony. Acknowledging this fact, layer-2 scalability solutions such as plasma, side chains, TrueBit, or state channels move as much data and computing as possible from the chain. Layer-1 and 2-scalability solutions are discussed in depth in section 2.

Computational environment Any calculations that can affect transactions, whether carried out on-chain or off-chain, must be reproducible by all parties who play a valid role. The computational model that can be reproduced must be independent and deterministic. In other words, complete conditions for calculations and the whole set of modifications to these conditions must be determined and fully agreed upon. Unfortunately, real computing architectures are not designed taking into account these constraints, and therefore cannot be reproduced. The Blockchain platform resolves this problem by using a custom virtual machine (VM) when processing smart contracts. This VM can be reproduced, but also domain specific. On the one hand, they offer native support for features that are useful for smart contracts (for example, accounting, restore, associative memory, authentication, cryptography etc.). On the other hand, they do not have valuable features found in general purpose architectures (for example, floating-point arithmetic, virtual memory, interruptions etc.).

The revolution in software capabilities experienced by the world over the past few decades can be attributed to two main factors. The first is an exponential increase in the speed at which modern hardware platforms can process large amounts of data. Second, and equally important, is the ever-increasing expressive power of the software development environment. Indeed, general purpose calculations do not occur separately. Instead, they are assembled from interdependent building blocks created by collaborative software developers around the world. These components and services depend on standard library facilities hosted by the underlying operating system (memory management, process management, file systems, networks, etc.). This is an operating system that ties everything together.

Problems of reproducibility and scalability have made the on-chain computing environment very limited. To increase productivity and expand the scope of blockchain development, we need a reproducible computing model that supports modern operating systems.

HOW DOES THE CARTESI MACHINE WORK?

Haven confirms that the Cartesi Machine is one of the main tools used by Cartesi Blockchain for the development of DApps; We will now consider several features and properties that will help realize that goal.

Computational Execution

Ideally, calculations and data should be executed or published for everyone involved to confirm before the next stage of DApps development. Instead of fragments in the current structure, the Cartesi Machine will now take over the role of executing any calculations over the network.

Execution will help the parties involved to make analyzes and suggestions. This will also help reduce the difference that can be maintained in the process of opening and resolving disputes.

Dispute resolution

There is no denying that disputes will arise at different times. Often, that can happen because one developer does not understand the calculation. However, such disputes should not be allowed to linger because it can cause a setback in the development of DApps.

That brings us to the second task of the Cartesi Machine. In this case, the Cartesi Machine will take the secondary role of resolving and resolving any disputes or conflicting opinions that arise from the calculations performed.

How Cartesi Can Help Change the World

Really Own Your Game.

Cartesi will issue vast new possibilities for blockchain games. Developers will be able to use tools, libraries, and machines that can be compiled for Linux. In addition, game processing will be free from blockchains restrictions without sacrificing decentralization. Imagine global participation without trust in several games.

Finding the Unknown.

Calculation outsourcing will allow millions of users to lend their idle computing power. This will benefit scientific research, 3D rendering, video transcoding, and many other computer intensive tasks in ways that are completely unreliable, without a reputation system.

Decentralized Data Science

Cartesi's verifiable calculations open the way for a decentralized market of data scientists. Businesses can outsource optimization tasks to experts whose work will be compensated if and only if they prove to be computationally correct. Imagine optimizing the use of transportation based on packages for shipping, their size and where they need to go.

Finance. Next Level.

The Cartesi application will be able to read and perform complex calculus involving data from many blockchains. This will allow interoperability between blockchains and services such as the futures market and insurance.

Efficient AI, by AI.

Unreliable market for AI and computing tasks. With the strength of Cartesi's decentralized automatic verification, developers will be able to create services that allow new DApps to outsource and distribute work. This includes machine learning, data analysis, or computationally intensive tasks that require experts in their fields. This opens new possibilities for AI at a lower cost, developed by experts and outsourcing bots.

The road to Cartesi

Reproducibility

Our MVP is the latest determinant VM. This allows smart contracts to determine complex computing that is run off-chain on a Linux OS in a way that can be reproduced.

Cartesi Core's complete Verification capability enables these complex calculations to be decided for correctness on the blockchain, at a cost that can be ignored, in a safe and decentralized way.

Infrastructure

Cartesi will publish and maintain an open source SDK for world use. Create your own decentralized application without knowledge of the blockchain language and spread it to a network that develops from Cartesi Nodes.


Conclusion

This paper lays the foundation on which the Cartesi platform stands. Cartesi's mission is to help DApp developers build more products that appeal to their clients. As the paradigm changes, the blockchain presents opportunities for real innovation and the risk of "reinvention wheel". In the direct application of the least surprising principle, Cartesi's core allows developers to increase their knowledge and pre-existing tools to increase their productivity. The remaining components of the Cartesi platform, described in future documents [Teixeira and Nehab 2019a], will help developers unleash their creativity while taking advantage of the unique potential of the blockchain.

OFFICIAL INFORMATION CARTESI:


Author : oneal.ngeplox

at February 06, 2020

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